What is the by-product of anaerobic glycolysis?

The by-product of anaerobic glycolysis is lactic acid, which is produced when the body metabolizes glucose for energy without the presence of sufficient oxygen. During anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, and when oxygen levels are low, this pyruvate is converted into lactic acid rather than entering the aerobic pathways. This process primarily occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise when the demand for energy exceeds the oxygen supply available, resulting in a rapid production of energy but also leading to an accumulation of lactic acid, which can contribute to muscle fatigue.

The other options, such as carbon dioxide and glucose, are not by-products of anaerobic glycolysis. Carbon dioxide is produced during aerobic metabolism or may be released in smaller amounts during anaerobic processes but is not directly associated with anaerobic glycolysis. Glucose is the starting substrate for this metabolic pathway, rather than a by-product. Oxygen is required for aerobic glycolysis and is not a by-product of anaerobic glycolysis since the process occurs when oxygen levels are low.